Digestive Tract
1. The Liver is one of the largest organs the human body. The liver affects nearly every physical process of the body. The liver filters over a litre of blood each minute. You probably don't think a lot about it, yet you can't live without it. The liver has many functions. Some of the functions are: to produce substances that break down fats, convert glucose to glycogen, produce urea (the main substance of urine), make certain amino acids (the building blocks of proteins), filter harmful substances from the blood (such as alcohol), storage of vitamins and minerals (vitamins A, D, K and B12) and maintain a proper level or glucose in the blood. The liver is also responsible for producing cholesterol. It produces about 80% of the cholesterol in your body.
2. The Gallbladder is approximately 8cm long and 4cm wide when. It is
divided into three sections; fundus, body and neck. The neck connects to the cystic duct. The function of the gallbladder is to store bile and concentrate. Bile is a digestive liquid continually secreted by the liver. The bile emulsifies fats and neutralizes acids in partly digested food. A muscular valve in the common bile duct opens, and the bile flows from the gallbladder into the cystic duct, along the common bile duct, and into the duodenum (part of the small intestine.)
3. The Stomach has four layers. The inner two layers, called the mucosa and the sub-mucosa, which produces mucus, the third layer is a layer of muscle, which churns the contents of the stomach. Outside the muscle is a clear membrane called the serosa, which holds the stomach together! Food enters the stomach from the oesophagus. The connection between the stomach and the oesophagus is called the cardiac sphincter. The cardiac sphincter prevents food from passing back to the oesophagus.
4. The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in higher living creatures, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. The duodenum is before the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest part of the small intestine. The duodenum mixes bile from the gallbladder and mixes digestive juices from the pancreas.
5. The ceacum is 6cm long and 7cm wide. The ceacum is a pouch that connects to the ileum which goes to the large intestine and is the appendix. The ceacum helps collect waste from the small intestine then passes it on to the colon. It is separated from the ileum (the final portion of the small intestine) by the ileocecal valve, which limits the rate of food passage into the ceacum and may help prevent material returning to the small intestine.
6. The Appendix is a narrow tube that dead-ends the three to four inches long that just hangs around on the ceacum. Although we just call it the appendix it’s scientifically known as the vermiform appendix. Even though in the past people just used to think it was just nothing it actually helps your immune system.
8. The large intestine is the second last part of the digestive system the final stage is the anal canal the large intestines job is to get rid of water from indigestible food. The large intestine is 1.5 metres long (4.9ft) the large intestine includes the ceacum, colon, rectum and anal canal. The large intestine is part of the digestive system, and joins the lower part of the small intestine (the ileum) to the anus. It is about 3.5 meters long. Most of the large intestine is made up of the colon, which has three parts: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, and the descending colon. Collectively these are also referred to as the large bowel. Where the ileum of the small intestine joins the ascending colon, there is a small side pocket called the ceacum, tipped by the appendix the other end of the large intestine is the rectum, a short canal which exits the body at the anus. The size of the large intestine in various animals is a reflection of their diet. Herbivores like cattle have a much more complicated intestine, while carnivores have a much simpler one. As omnivores, humans have a large intestine that is in between in relative size and complexity.
9. The small intestine is 3-7 metres long and consists of 50% of autopsy it is approximately 2.5-3cm in diameter. The small intestine is up to 3 times longer than the large intestine the small intestine is about as big as a tennis court. Intestinal villi are tiny finger-like outgrowths, in the lining of the small intestine. Villi effectively increase the surface area of the gut wall allowing for slower movement through the small intestine. This allows greater time for absorption of nutrients. Each villus has a lacteal and capillary bit that picks up digested nutrients. The nutrients are now transported by the blood to all the cells of the body.
10. The pancreas is very important it holds 7 different types of hormones
including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes. The pancreas contains enzyme producing cells that secrete two hormones. The two hormones are insulin and glucagon. Insulin and glucagon are secreted directly into the bloodstream, and together, they regulate the level of glucose in the blood. Insulin lowers the blood sugar level and increases the amount of glucagon (stored carbohydrate) in the liver.
11. The esophagus is the organ that pushes what we eat to our digestive tract, after we have chewed and swallowed!
2. The Gallbladder is approximately 8cm long and 4cm wide when. It is
3. The Stomach has four layers. The inner two layers, called the mucosa and the sub-mucosa, which produces mucus, the third layer is a layer of muscle, which churns the contents of the stomach. Outside the muscle is a clear membrane called the serosa, which holds the stomach together! Food enters the stomach from the oesophagus. The connection between the stomach and the oesophagus is called the cardiac sphincter. The cardiac sphincter prevents food from passing back to the oesophagus.The other end of the stomach empties into duodenum. The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine. The pyloric sphincter separates the stomach from the duodenum.
4. The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in higher living creatures, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. The duodenum is before the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest part of the small intestine. The duodenum mixes bile from the gallbladder and mixes digestive juices from the pancreas. 
5. The ceacum is 6cm long and 7cm wide. The ceacum is a pouch that connects to the ileum which goes to the large intestine and is the appendix. The ceacum helps collect waste from the small intestine then passes it on to the colon. It is separated from the ileum (the final portion of the small intestine) by the ileocecal valve, which limits the rate of food passage into the ceacum and may help prevent material returning to the small intestine. 6. The Appendix is a narrow tube that dead-ends the three to four inches long that just hangs around on the ceacum. Although we just call it the appendix it’s scientifically known as the vermiform appendix. Even though in the past people just used to think it was just nothing it actually helps your immune system. 7. The Rectum is the last straight portion of the long intestine it is abou
t 12cm long the Rectum intestine where we store faeces (poo!). The material in the rectum usually turns up going to the colon where more water is absorbed. When the rectum becomes full it pressures the anal canal to open (more poo). The rectum is about eight inches long and serves, basically, as a warehouse for poop. It hooks up with the sigmoid colon to the north and with the anal canal to the south. The rectum has little shelves in it called transverse folds. These folds help keep stool in place until you're ready to go to the bathroom. When you're ready, stool enters the lower rectum, moves into the anal canal, and then passes through the anus on its way out.
t 12cm long the Rectum intestine where we store faeces (poo!). The material in the rectum usually turns up going to the colon where more water is absorbed. When the rectum becomes full it pressures the anal canal to open (more poo). The rectum is about eight inches long and serves, basically, as a warehouse for poop. It hooks up with the sigmoid colon to the north and with the anal canal to the south. The rectum has little shelves in it called transverse folds. These folds help keep stool in place until you're ready to go to the bathroom. When you're ready, stool enters the lower rectum, moves into the anal canal, and then passes through the anus on its way out. 
8. The large intestine is the second last part of the digestive system the final stage is the anal canal the large intestines job is to get rid of water from indigestible food. The large intestine is 1.5 metres long (4.9ft) the large intestine includes the ceacum, colon, rectum and anal canal. The large intestine is part of the digestive system, and joins the lower part of the small intestine (the ileum) to the anus. It is about 3.5 meters long. Most of the large intestine is made up of the colon, which has three parts: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, and the descending colon. Collectively these are also referred to as the large bowel. Where the ileum of the small intestine joins the ascending colon, there is a small side pocket called the ceacum, tipped by the appendix the other end of the large intestine is the rectum, a short canal which exits the body at the anus. The size of the large intestine in various animals is a reflection of their diet. Herbivores like cattle have a much more complicated intestine, while carnivores have a much simpler one. As omnivores, humans have a large intestine that is in between in relative size and complexity. 
9. The small intestine is 3-7 metres long and consists of 50% of autopsy it is approximately 2.5-3cm in diameter. The small intestine is up to 3 times longer than the large intestine the small intestine is about as big as a tennis court. Intestinal villi are tiny finger-like outgrowths, in the lining of the small intestine. Villi effectively increase the surface area of the gut wall allowing for slower movement through the small intestine. This allows greater time for absorption of nutrients. Each villus has a lacteal and capillary bit that picks up digested nutrients. The nutrients are now transported by the blood to all the cells of the body. 10. The pancreas is very important it holds 7 different types of hormones
including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes. The pancreas contains enzyme producing cells that secrete two hormones. The two hormones are insulin and glucagon. Insulin and glucagon are secreted directly into the bloodstream, and together, they regulate the level of glucose in the blood. Insulin lowers the blood sugar level and increases the amount of glucagon (stored carbohydrate) in the liver. 
11. The esophagus is the organ that pushes what we eat to our digestive tract, after we have chewed and swallowed! The peristalsis involves a series of muscular contractions and relaxations, which propel food forward until it reaches a ring-like valve called the sphincter at the junction of the oesophagus and the stomach. The end of the esophagus is called the cardiac sphincter.
